{"id":7009,"date":"2019-03-01T23:20:00","date_gmt":"2019-03-01T11:20:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spence-chapin.org\/blog-news_and_events-clara-spence-new-yorks-adoption-pioneer\/"},"modified":"2021-02-17T07:03:42","modified_gmt":"2021-02-16T19:03:42","slug":"clara-spence-pionera-en-adopcion-en-nueva-york","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/spencestaging.berrycreativellc.com\/es\/clara-spence-new-yorks-adoption-pioneer\/","title":{"rendered":"Celebramos a Clara Spence"},"content":{"rendered":"

"A lo largo de la historia de nuestra naci\u00f3n, las mujeres estadounidenses han liderado movimientos por la justicia social y econ\u00f3mica, realizado descubrimientos cient\u00edficos innovadores, enriquecido nuestra cultura con impresionantes obras de arte y literatura, y trazado direcciones audaces en nuestra pol\u00edtica exterior".<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 2009, Martha Ulman, nieta de Clara Spence, escribi\u00f3 un art\u00edculo para la Asociaci\u00f3n Hist\u00f3rica del Estado de Nueva York en el que relataba la historia de los logros de su abuela como pionera en la adopci\u00f3n en Nueva York. No se nos ocurre mejor manera de reconocer a las mujeres que dieron forma a la justicia social que honrar a nuestra propia fundadora y defensora de la adopci\u00f3n, Clara Spence. Este es un extracto del art\u00edculo de Martha Ulman: Clara Spence<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clara Spence realiz\u00f3 su trabajo durante las d\u00e9cadas cruciales de 1900 a 1920, cuando hab\u00eda muchas personas con ideas socialmente progresistas. Algunos abordaron el problema de la discrepancia entre ricos y pobres desde abajo hacia arriba. Ellos personalmente fueron a los barrios marginales y trabajaron con el problema de primera mano. Clara Spence opt\u00f3 por abordar el problema desde arriba predicando a los hijos de los neoyorquinos m\u00e1s ricos la virtud moral y \u00e9tica del servicio para que ellos, en su vida adulta, marcaran la diferencia en la mejora de las condiciones de los menos afortunados. Aunque muchos de sus alumnos se fueron a servir en sus comunidades, el \u00e1rea por la que son m\u00e1s conocidos es la de la adopci\u00f3n y la creaci\u00f3n de su guarder\u00eda, que se fusion\u00f3 con la de Henry y Alice Chapin en 1943. Conocida hoy como Spence-Chapin Servicios para familias y ni\u00f1os, la organizaci\u00f3n contin\u00faa atendiendo las necesidades de ni\u00f1os de todos los credos, colores y nacionalidades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nacida en Albany, Nueva York, en 1859, Clara Spence era miembro de la clase media. Se gradu\u00f3 en la Escuela de Oratoria de la Universidad de Boston en 1879, despu\u00e9s de lo cual asisti\u00f3 a la Universidad de Londres, donde perfeccion\u00f3 sus habilidades de actuaci\u00f3n. Lleg\u00f3 a la ciudad de Nueva York originalmente aspirando a ser actriz pero, tras la muerte de su madre en 1883, centr\u00f3 su talento en la ense\u00f1anza en escuelas privadas para ni\u00f1as. En 1892, fund\u00f3 su propia escuela en una casa de piedra rojiza en el n\u00famero 6 de West Forty-Eighth Street. Fue en esta escuela donde Clara Spence inici\u00f3 una guarder\u00eda para beb\u00e9s abandonados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El tratamiento de los hu\u00e9rfanos antes de la d\u00e9cada de 1890 sigui\u00f3 una ruta l\u00fagubre desde el cuidado institucional hasta el servicio por contrato o, en el caso de miles de ni\u00f1os en los trenes de hu\u00e9rfanos de Charles Loring Brace, la reubicaci\u00f3n con familias a cientos de kil\u00f3metros de sus hogares. All\u00ed, como se\u00f1ala Marilyn Holt en su libro \u201cThe Orphan Trains: Placing Out in America\u201d, a menudo eran valorados por su potencial laboral en lugar de aceptados como miembros de la familia. Clara Spence ofreci\u00f3 la adopci\u00f3n como alternativa a la institucionalizaci\u00f3n o la reubicaci\u00f3n. La adopci\u00f3n, que ahora damos por sentado, era una anomal\u00eda en una \u00e9poca en la que adoptar a alguien que no era pariente se consideraba un acto valiente y extra\u00f1o, debido a la incertidumbre gen\u00e9tica y el estigma social. Clara Spence se dedic\u00f3 a la causa de los ni\u00f1os abandonados e introdujo a sus alumnos en la adopci\u00f3n como una forma nueva y satisfactoria de trabajo social.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"<\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Clara Spence \u2013 Central Park, febrero de 1911<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En enero de 1909, la Conferencia de la Casa Blanca sobre Ni\u00f1os Dependientes adopt\u00f3 catorce resoluciones, todas ellas destinadas a sustituir el m\u00e9todo institucional de cuidado infantil por el cuidado domiciliario. El mes siguiente, Clara Spence adopt\u00f3 personalmente a una ni\u00f1a de un a\u00f1o de la Children's Aid Society. El juez no puso objeciones a su solicitud a pesar de que era madre soltera y se acercaba a los cincuenta a\u00f1os. Seis a\u00f1os despu\u00e9s, en 1915, Clara Spence adopt\u00f3 a un ni\u00f1o peque\u00f1o. Su pareja, Charlotte Baker, adopt\u00f3 una ni\u00f1a en 1911 y un ni\u00f1o en 1914, completando lo que fue una de las primeras familias de adopci\u00f3n de un solo sexo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fue la participaci\u00f3n personal de la Sra. Spence la que inspir\u00f3 a sus estudiantes, quienes fueron testigos de la transformaci\u00f3n de los beb\u00e9s que proven\u00edan de instituciones y fueron "construidos" para adopci\u00f3n en el \u00faltimo piso de su escuela. Como resultado, en 1915, las alumnas de la escuela abrieron la guarder\u00eda Spence Alumnae Society a trav\u00e9s de la cual varios cientos de beb\u00e9s fueron colocados en hogares adoptivos. En 1921, Clara Spence trajo trece ni\u00f1os de Gran Breta\u00f1a a los Estados Unidos para ser adoptados por familias estadounidenses, anticipando lo que hoy se ha convertido en una vasta red de adopci\u00f3n internacional. Por su voluntad de desafiar a la opini\u00f3n p\u00fablica y arriesgarse al ostracismo social, Clara Spence no s\u00f3lo logr\u00f3 que la adopci\u00f3n fuera una pr\u00e1ctica aceptada, sino que se convirti\u00f3 en el m\u00e9todo elegido por cientos de familias. Fue en gran parte gracias a su trabajo e influencia que Nueva York fue reconocida como l\u00edder en bienestar infantil y adopci\u00f3n en particular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spence-Chapin ha pasado m\u00e1s de 100 a\u00f1os buscando formas innovadoras de cumplir con el legado de Clara Spence. Nuestra experiencia ha ampliado constantemente los beneficios de la adopci\u00f3n a m\u00e1s ni\u00f1os y a los futuros padres que quieren amarlos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As\u00ed como Clara Spence respondi\u00f3 a la necesidad en su tiempo, nuestro trabajo se centra en servir a mujeres y familias que necesitan ayuda para planificar y construir familias fuertes y amorosas. Nos impulsa una creencia simple y fundamental: cada ni\u00f1o merece una familia. A trav\u00e9s de nuestro Modern Family Center, brindamos asesoramiento y servicios comunitarios que ayudan a estas nuevas familias a tener \u00e9xito. Podemos crear familias m\u00e1s permanentes y amorosas tal como siempre lo hemos hecho.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cThroughout our Nation\u2019s history, American women have led movements for social and economic justice, made groundbreaking scientific discoveries, enriched our culture with stunning works of art and literature, and charted bold directions in our foreign policy.\u201d In 2009, Martha Ulman, Clara Spence\u2019s grand-daughter, wrote an article for the New York State Historical Association chronicling the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3847,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1043,1037,1044,1045,1046,1047,1048,1049,1050,1051,1038,1052,1053,1054,1055,1056,1057,1058,1059,339,1060,1061,1062,1063,1064,1065,306,1066,1067,1025,1036,1068,1069,94],"tags":[3606,65,67,68,3607,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,83,3608,86,3596],"class_list":["post-7009","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-adoption","category-adoption-news","category-advocacy","category-albany","category-alice-chapin","category-babies","category-charles-loring-brace","category-child","category-child-welfare","category-children","category-events","category-family","category-henry-chapin","category-martha-ulman","category-modern-family-center","category-national-womens-history-month","category-new-york","category-new-york-city","category-new-york-state-historical-association","category-older-child-adoption","category-older-children","category-orphan-trains","category-orphans","category-sibling-adoption","category-sibling-groups","category-social-work","category-special-needs-children","category-spence-alumnae-society","category-spence-chapin","category-spence-chapin-services","category-spence-chapin-services-to-families-and-children","category-the-spence-school","category-womens-history-month","category-womens-day","tag-abandoned-children","tag-adoption","tag-albany","tag-alice-chapin","tag-babies-orphans","tag-henry-chapin","tag-martha-ulman","tag-modern-family-center","tag-national-womens-history-month","tag-new-york","tag-new-york-city","tag-new-york-state-historical-association","tag-older-children","tag-orphans-train","tag-sibling-adoption","tag-special-need-children"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nWe Celebrate Clara Spence - Spence-Chapin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spencestaging.berrycreativellc.com\/es\/clara-spence-pionera-en-adopcion-en-nueva-york\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"We Celebrate Clara Spence - Spence-Chapin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u201cThroughout our Nation\u2019s history, American women have led movements for social and economic justice, made groundbreaking scientific discoveries, enriched our culture with stunning works of art and literature, and charted bold directions in our foreign policy.\u201d In 2009, Martha Ulman, Clara Spence\u2019s grand-daughter, wrote an article for the New York State Historical Association chronicling the […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/spencestaging.berrycreativellc.com\/es\/clara-spence-pionera-en-adopcion-en-nueva-york\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Spence-Chapin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-03-01T11:20:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-02-16T19:03:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/spencestaging.berrycreativellc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Clara_Spence-resized.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"336\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"440\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Spence-Chapin Contributor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Spence-Chapin Contributor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutos\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Celebramos a Clara Spence - 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